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he cooling capacity of air conditioners is measured in BTUs, or British thermal units. The more Btu of capacity, the larger the room the air conditioner can cool. Scientifically, one Btu is the amount of energy required to change the temperature of 1 pound of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit. In terms of air-conditioner capacity, the rule of thumb is that it takes around 25 Btu to cool 1 square foot of room floor area.The most common window air conditioning units come in cooling capacities ranging from 5,000 to 12,000 Btu. A 12,000 Btu air conditioner can cool between 450 and 550 square feet of floor space. A 12,000 Btu unit could cool a room 25 feet long by 20 feet wide that has 500 square feet of floor area. Manufacturers give their own ratings as to how much room area they believe their units can cool.
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